WORKLIST ENTRIES (1):
LACTALBUMIN View alignment View Structure Lactalbumin signature
Type of fingerprint: COMPOUND with 5 elements
Links:
PRINTS; PR00135 LYZLACT; PR00137 LYSOZYME
INTERPRO; IPR000545
PDB; 1ALC 3Dinfo
SCOP; 1ALC
CATH; 1ALC
Creation date 05-JUL-1993; UPDATE 10-JUN-1999
1. STUART, D.I., ACHARYA, K.R., WALKER, N.P.C., SMITH, S.G., LEWIS, M.
AND PHILLIPS, D.C.
Alpha-lactalbumin possesses a novel calcium binding loop.
NATURE 324 84-87 (1986).
2. ACHARYA, K.R., REN, J.S., STUART, D.I., PHILLIPS, D.C. AND FENNA, R.E.
Crystal structure of human alpha-lactalbumin at 1.7 Angstroms resolution.
J.MOL.BIOL. 221(2) 571-581 (1991).
3. LAIRD, J.E., JACK, L., HALL, L., BOULTON, A.P., PARKER, D. AND
CRAIG, R.K.
Structure and expression of the guinea pig alpha-lactalbumin gene.
BIOCHEM.J. 254(1) 85-94 (1988).
4. SHEWALE, J.G., SUDHIR, K.S. AND BREW, K.
Evolution of alpha-lactalbumins.
J.BIOL.CHEM. 259 4947-4956 (1984).
5. NITTA, K., HIDEAKI, H., SHINTARO, S. AND SHIMAZAKI, K.
The calcium binding property of equine lysozyme.
FEBS LETT. 223 405-408 (1987).
Alpha-lactalbumin comprises 15 percent of the total human milk protein and
is essential for lactose production [1]. It is a globular calcium-binding
metalloprotein secreted in the lactating mammary gland [2], the calcium
being bound in a novel binding loop that is superficially similar to the
classic EF-hand motif. Lactalbumin attaches to beta-galactosyltransferase
on the luminal surface of the Golgi apparatus, creating the lactose
synthetase complex [1], which catalyses the addition of galactose to
glucose, forming lactose. The lactalbumin gene also contains a novel
upstream regulatory sequence called the 'milk box' [3], which is also found
in genes of other milk proteins, and may be involved in either hormone
regulation or tissue-specific expression in the lactating mammary gland.
Alpha-lactalbumin is similar to C-type lysozyme in terms of primary
sequence and structure [4], and has probably evolved from a common
ancestral protein. There is, however, no similarity in function, lysozyme
being involved in the hydrolysis of bacterial cell wall polysaccharides,
lactalbumin playing an essential role in milk production. Another
difference between the enzymes is that whereas all lactalbumins have the
ability to bind calcium, this property is restricted to only a few
lysozymes [5]. It was first suggested that calcium binding stabilised the
structure and protected it from heat denaturation, but recently it has
been claimed that calcium controls the release of lactalbumin from the
golgi membrane and that the pattern of ion binding may also affect the
catalytic properties of the lactose synthetase complex.
LACTALBUMIN is a 5-element fingerprint that provides a signature for the
alpha-lactalbumins and distinguishes them from the lysozymes. The
fingerprint was derived from an initial alignment of 6 sequences: motif 4
encodes the calcium binding region, and motif 3 contains 2 of 8 cysteine
residues conserved in both lysozymes and lactalbumins (cf. PROSITE pattern
LACTALBUMIN_LYSOZYME (PS00128)). Two iterations on OWL20.0 were required to
reach convergence, at which point a true set comprising 17 sequences was
identified. Five partial matches were also found, all of which are
lysozymes, most matching motifs 1 and 3.
An update on SPTR37_9f identified a true set of 17 sequences, and 1
partial match.
SUMMARY INFORMATION
17 codes involving 5 elements
0 codes involving 4 elements
0 codes involving 3 elements
1 codes involving 2 elements
COMPOSITE FINGERPRINT INDEX
5| 17 17 17 17 17
4| 0 0 0 0 0
3| 0 0 0 0 0
2| 0 1 1 0 0
--+--------------------------
| 1 2 3 4 5
True positives..
LCAA_HORSE LCA_EQUAS LCA_HUMAN LCA_PIG
LCAB_HORSE LCA_BOVIN LCA_CAPHI LCA_SHEEP
LCA_PAPCY LCA_CAMDR LCA_CAVPO LCA_RAT
LCA_MOUSE LCA_RABIT LCA_MACEU LCA_MACRG
LCA_TRIVU
Subfamily: Codes involving 2 elements
Subfamily True positives..
LCA_ORNAN
PROTEIN TITLES
LCAA_HORSE ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN A (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - EQUUS CAB
LCA_EQUAS ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - EQUUS ASINU
LCA_HUMAN ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN PRECURSOR (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - H
LCA_PIG ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN PRECURSOR (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - S
LCAB_HORSE ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN B/C (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - EQUUS C
LCA_BOVIN ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN PRECURSOR (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - B
LCA_CAPHI ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN PRECURSOR (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - C
LCA_SHEEP ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN PRECURSOR (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - O
LCA_PAPCY ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - PAPIO CYNOC
LCA_CAMDR ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - CAMELUS DRO
LCA_CAVPO ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN PRECURSOR (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - C
LCA_RAT ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN PRECURSOR (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - R
LCA_MOUSE ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN PRECURSOR (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - M
LCA_RABIT ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - ORYCTOLAGUS
LCA_MACEU ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN PRECURSOR (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - M
LCA_MACRG ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - MACROPUS RU
LCA_TRIVU ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN PRECURSOR (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - T
LCA_ORNAN ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN (LACTOSE SYNTHASE B PROTEIN) - ORNITHORHYN
SCAN HISTORY
OWL20_0 2 100 NSINGLE
OWL26_0 1 100 NSINGLE
SPTR37_9f 2 20 NSINGLE
INITIAL MOTIF SETS
LACTALBUMIN1 Length of motif = 21 Motif number = 1
Lactalbumin motif I - 1
PCODE ST INT
ELSQLLKDIDGYGGIALPELI LCA_HUMAN 26 26
EVFRELKDLKGYGGVSLPEWV LCA_BOVIN 26 26
ELSQVLKSMDGYKGVTLPEWI LCA_EQUAS 7 7
ELSQNLYDIDGYGRIALPELI LCA_PAPCY 7 7
EAFQKLKDLKDYGGVSLPEWV LCA_SHEEP 26 26
EVSHAIEDMDGYQGISLLEWT LCA_RAT 26 26
LACTALBUMIN2 Length of motif = 12 Motif number = 2
Lactalbumin motif II - 1
PCODE ST INT
FHTSGYDTQAIV LCA_HUMAN 50 3
FHTSGYDTQAIV LCA_BOVIN 50 3
FHSSGYDTQTIV LCA_EQUAS 31 3
FHTSGYDTQAIV LCA_PAPCY 31 3
FHTSGYDTQAIV LCA_SHEEP 50 3
FHTSGYDSQAIV LCA_RAT 50 3
LACTALBUMIN3 Length of motif = 11 Motif number = 3
Lactalbumin motif III - 1
PCODE ST INT
PQSRNICDISC LCA_HUMAN 86 24
PHSSNICNISC LCA_BOVIN 86 24
LPSRNICGISC LCA_EQUAS 67 24
PQSRNICDITC LCA_PAPCY 67 24
PHSRNICNISC LCA_SHEEP 86 24
PESENICDISC LCA_RAT 86 24
LACTALBUMIN4 Length of motif = 12 Motif number = 4
Lactalbumin motif IV - 1
PCODE ST INT
DKFLDDDITDDI LCA_HUMAN 97 0
DKFLDDDLTDDI LCA_BOVIN 97 0
NKFLDDDLTDDV LCA_EQUAS 78 0
DKFLDDDITDDI LCA_PAPCY 78 0
DKFLDDDLTDDI LCA_SHEEP 97 0
DKFLDDELADDI LCA_RAT 97 0
LACTALBUMIN5 Length of motif = 10 Motif number = 5
Lactalbumin motif V - 1
PCODE ST INT
KGIDYWLAHK LCA_HUMAN 118 9
VGINYWLAHK LCA_BOVIN 118 9
EGIDYWLAHK LCA_EQUAS 99 9
KGIDYWIAHK LCA_PAPCY 99 9
VGINYWLAHK LCA_SHEEP 118 9
KGIDYWKAHK LCA_RAT 118 9
FINAL MOTIF SETS
LACTALBUMIN1 Length of motif = 21 Motif number = 1
Lactalbumin motif I - 2
PCODE ST INT
ELSQVLKSMDGYKGVTLPEWI LCAA_HORSE 7 7
ELSQVLKSMDGYKGVTLPEWI LCA_EQUAS 7 7
ELSQLLKDIDGYGGIALPELI LCA_HUMAN 26 26
ELSQVLKDMDGYGDITLPEWI LCA_PIG 26 26
QLSQVLKSMDGYKGVTLPEWI LCAB_HORSE 7 7
EVFRELKDLKGYGGVSLPEWV LCA_BOVIN 26 26
EVFQKLKDLKDYGGVSLPEWV LCA_CAPHI 26 26
EAFQKLKDLKDYGGVSLPEWV LCA_SHEEP 26 26
ELSQNLYDIDGYGRIALPELI LCA_PAPCY 7 7
KLSDELKDMNGHGGITLAEWI LCA_CAMDR 7 7
ALSHELNDLAGYRDITLPEWL LCA_CAVPO 26 26
EVSHAIEDMDGYQGISLLEWT LCA_RAT 26 26
KVSHAIKDIDGYQGISLLEWA LCA_MOUSE 27 27
ELTEKLKELDGYRDISMSEWI LCA_RABIT 7 7
QASQILKEHGMDKVIPLPELV LCA_MACEU 26 26
QASQILKEHGMDKVIPLPELV LCA_MACRG 7 7
ELNQILRERGVDKVISLPELI LCA_TRIVU 26 26
LACTALBUMIN2 Length of motif = 12 Motif number = 2
Lactalbumin motif II - 2
PCODE ST INT
FHSSGYDTQTIV LCAA_HORSE 31 3
FHSSGYDTQTIV LCA_EQUAS 31 3
FHTSGYDTQAIV LCA_HUMAN 50 3
FHISGYDTKTIV LCA_PIG 50 3
FHNSGYDTQTIV LCAB_HORSE 31 3
FHTSGYDTQAIV LCA_BOVIN 50 3
FHTSGYDTQAIV LCA_CAPHI 50 3
FHTSGYDTQAIV LCA_SHEEP 50 3
FHTSGYDTQAIV LCA_PAPCY 31 3
FHMSGYDTETVV LCA_CAMDR 31 3
FHISGYDTQAIV LCA_CAVPO 50 3
FHTSGYDSQAIV LCA_RAT 50 3
FHTSGYDTQAVV LCA_MOUSE 51 3
FHTSGLDTKITV LCA_RABIT 31 3
FHISGLSTQAEV LCA_MACEU 50 3
FHISGLSTQAEV LCA_MACRG 31 3
FHSSGFSTETEV LCA_TRIVU 50 3
LACTALBUMIN3 Length of motif = 12 Motif number = 3
Lactalbumin motif III - 2
PCODE ST INT
DKFLDDDLTDDV LCAA_HORSE 78 35
NKFLDDDLTDDV LCA_EQUAS 78 35
DKFLDDDITDDI LCA_HUMAN 97 35
DKFLDDDLTDDM LCA_PIG 96 34
NKFLDDDLTDDV LCAB_HORSE 78 35
DKFLDDDLTDDI LCA_BOVIN 97 35
DKFLDDDLTDDI LCA_CAPHI 97 35
DKFLDDDLTDDI LCA_SHEEP 97 35
DKFLDDDITDDI LCA_PAPCY 78 35
DKFLDDDLTDDK LCA_CAMDR 78 35
DKLLDDDLTDDI LCA_CAVPO 97 35
DKFLDDELADDI LCA_RAT 97 35
DKLLDDELDDDI LCA_MOUSE 98 35
ENFLDDNLTDDV LCA_RABIT 78 35
SKFLDDDITDDI LCA_MACEU 97 35
SKFLDDDITDDI LCA_MACRG 78 35
SKLLDDDITDDI LCA_TRIVU 97 35
LACTALBUMIN4 Length of motif = 10 Motif number = 4
Lactalbumin motif IV - 2
PCODE ST INT
EGIDYWLAHK LCAA_HORSE 99 9
EGIDYWLAHK LCA_EQUAS 99 9
KGIDYWLAHK LCA_HUMAN 118 9
EGIDYWLAHK LCA_PIG 117 9
EGIDYWLAHK LCAB_HORSE 99 9
VGINYWLAHK LCA_BOVIN 118 9
VGINYWLAHK LCA_CAPHI 118 9
VGINYWLAHK LCA_SHEEP 118 9
KGIDYWIAHK LCA_PAPCY 99 9
EGIDYWLAHK LCA_CAMDR 99 9
KGIDYWLAHK LCA_CAVPO 118 9
KGIDYWKAHK LCA_RAT 118 9
KGIDYWKAYK LCA_MOUSE 119 9
EGIDHWLAHK LCA_RABIT 99 9
EGLGYWKAHE LCA_MACEU 119 10
EGLGYWKAHE LCA_MACRG 100 10
ERLDHWKAHN LCA_TRIVU 119 10
LACTALBUMIN5 Length of motif = 9 Motif number = 5
Lactalbumin motif V - 2
PCODE ST INT
CSEKLEQWL LCAA_HORSE 111 2
CSEKLEQWL LCA_EQUAS 111 2
CTEKLEQWL LCA_HUMAN 130 2
CSEKLDQWL LCA_PIG 129 2
CSEKLEQWL LCAB_HORSE 111 2
CSEKLDQWL LCA_BOVIN 130 2
CSEKLDQWL LCA_CAPHI 130 2
CSEKLDQWL LCA_SHEEP 130 2
CTEKLEQWL LCA_PAPCY 111 2
CSEKLEQWQ LCA_CAMDR 111 2
CSDKLEQWY LCA_CAVPO 130 2
CSEKLEQWR LCA_RAT 130 2
CSEKLEQWR LCA_MOUSE 131 2
CSENLEQWV LCA_RABIT 111 2
CIEDLDQWR LCA_MACEU 131 2
CLEDLDQWR LCA_MACRG 112 2
CRENLDQWN LCA_TRIVU 131 2
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